The worms man: pictures, symptoms, treatment

Up to today the science knows about 280 species of worms, which can grow and live in a human body, the disease in the various organs and tissues. The frequency of infection by worms of a person depends on the climate and socio-economic conditions of specific territories (in the underdeveloped countries, in particular those that are located in tropical and subtropical regions of the area, the level of parasitic infections is significantly higher in developed countries).

the worms man

Ways to infect humans helminths

  1. Infestations of animals.
  2. The worms, and communicable from person to person.
  3. Diseases caused by parasites, the conductor of one of the cycles of life on earth.

The factors that influence the manifestations of the helminth

  • The method of penetration of the parasite in the body;
  • The degree of adaptation of the elminto to the human body;
  • Population density of the pest specimens;
  • Habitat worm. Some of the helminths at various stages have, and translucent, and the fabric of the form. Larval development and stage of worms usually cause the most pronounced pathological changes.

Worms in humans: symptoms

The bot is a disease that is characterized by the 2 phase of the current (acute, from two weeks to two months) and chronic (from a few months to several years).

The symptoms of the acute phase of helminthiasis

The first signs of the disease may manifest itself at different times (usually 2-3 weeks, when ascariasis 2-3 days).

In the acute phase installed infestations, the symptom that is most characteristic, it is an allergic reaction. Often infested by the worms people on the skin appear rashes itchy, prone to retidiviruuschem in the valley, increased regional lymph nodes, perhaps the appearance of generalized or local edema, muscle and joint aches. Also the migration of the larvae of the parasite can cause chest pain, coughing, attacks of suffocation, disorders of the chair, nausea and vomiting.

At the same time, the acute phase helminthiasis may be accompanied by a more severe impairment (a severe form of pneumonia, viral hepatitis, allergic myocarditis, hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen), meningoencephalitis).

In the blood increases the number of eosinophils and disturbed the normal proportions between the protein fractions.

signs of worms in the body

Signs of chronic helminthiasis

The symptoms of the chronic phase depends on the type of the body "inhabited" by the parasites, and also play an important role they play and their size and quantity.

Thus, in the presence of parasites in the intestine individuals the disease can be asymptomatic (with the exception of the cases of infection, very large parasites). Typical signs of the chronic phase intestinal helminths are dyspepsia. In children to a greater extent is expressed pain syndrome. When infestation massive possible development of intestinal obstruction, mechanical jaundice and pancreatitis.

Consuming all that is necessary for the livelihood of the substance by the organism, the host, helminths are the cause of digestive disorders, malabsorption of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins and fats. At the same time, the waste products of the worms inhibit the normal intestinal microflora and reduce the immune strength of the body.

The types of worms, parasites in the human body

Pathogens helminths person are 2 types of worms: round (nematodes) and flat (band and flukes).

The nematodes

Ossiuri

Parasites, which are the cause of enterobiasis is of small size (up to 10mm) thin cavitali worms, having gray-and-white coloring. The infection is food (through the mouth). The reason for this – your hands dirty. The eggs of the parasite can be in the ground, in wool of infected animals, piles of fruit and vegetables, etc. however, in this disease, there are cases of auto-infection (especially in children), arising from scratching itches areas, and the subsequent ingestion of eggs. The larva ossiuri develops in the course of two weeks in the digestive tract. Becoming an adult individual, a worm parasite in the lower regions of thin and upper regions of the colon.

Still in the larval stage, this pest begins to damage the body of his master, the production of enzymes, annoyingly they act on the intestinal wall and subsequent development of an inflammatory process. The adult parasites attach themselves to or penetrate into the deeper layers of the mucous membrane of the intestines, to violate its integrity, and supporting the accession of a secondary bacterial infection. In the case of perforation of the wall of the small intestine is the development of peritonitis. Moreover, because of the irritation of the receptors in the intestinal violated the motor and secretory functions of the GASTROINTESTINAL tract, which lead to the formation of gastroduodenite, enteritis, and so on. Paediatric long-term outcomes enterobiasis can be a cause of nervous disorders, and retardation in the physical development.

Ascaris

Ascaris is a parasite fusiform, red-yellow, reaching adulthood at 40 cm (females) and 15-25 cm (males). Not having suction cups or other devices for fixing, Ascaris, is able to move autonomously towards food masses. The eggs, pending the female of the parasite, stand out together with the faeces.

roundworms in the body

The infection occurs on ingestion of mature eggs together with the water, or unwashed fruits and vegetables, which are particles of soil. After the penetration of eggs in the intestine of their leaving the larvae to mature. Then, by infiltrating the wall of the colon, which, in the blood reaches the heart, and from there enter into the lungs. Through the alveoli of the lungs the larva roundworms respiratory tract new enters the oral cavity. After the re-ingestion of the parasite reaches the small intestine, where it develops into an adult individual. Worm lives for 12 months, then it dies and stands out together with the faeces. In the intestine of a guest can live as one, and several hundred specimens.

Trichuris trichuris

Trichuris trichuris, the causative agent trichuriasis, is a parasite of white color, parasitic, initial department of the large intestine and reaching size of 4-5 cm in the parasite Feeds on blood and mucosal tissues of the rectum.

The eggs lander module, pending the female on the walls of the intestine, open to the outside with the feces to the masses. Their development occurs in an environment (preferably into the soil). Eggs with the larvae of the parasite penetrate into the body in food, through dirty hands, with water, or unwashed fruits and vegetables.

Trichinella

The etiologic agent trichinosis – this is the small round parasite, reaching 2-5 mm in length. The infection occurs when you consume bad fried meat. Penetrating in the intestine, the larva pest for 3-4 days, to mature on the condition of the Mature specimens. The duration of the life of a worm is 40 days, after which the parasite dies. By penetrating in the intestinal wall, the larvae penetrate into the blood circulation and circulation in all organs of the human body, settling in the muscles. In this case, it affects more often of breathing and facial muscles, and the flexor muscles of the limb.

The hookworm and necator

These two parasites are similar to biological characteristics, but also for the recipient of the disease. Worms, reaching a length of 10-15 mm, parassitano 12-p. intestine. It should be noted that this is one of the most common, but, at the same time, quite rarely detectable parasites. The larvae of the worms penetrate the human body through the skin in case of contact with the infected soil. Next, enter in the blood stream, which, just like roundworms, they migrate into the lungs, and then, through the bronchi with phlegm – in the digestive tract. The hookworm parasite in the intestine, which attaches to the intestinal wall. A parasite that feeds exclusively on blood, biting through and beat the mucosal blood vessels, which injects there anticoagulation component. For the day the adult, on average, able to absorb and 0.05-0.35 ml of blood. Then the symptom that is most characteristic of this helminthiasis is the iron deficiency anemia, but also the change of the ratio among the protein fractions (dysproteinemia).

Flat worms

A tapeworm

Trichinella

This is one of the larger helminths, reaching a length of 10-20 metres. The disease caused by the data parasite, called difilloʙotrioz. The development cycle of a worm starts with fresh water fish or crustaceans. In the human body, which is the definitive host for the lentetsa, the larva enters together with caviar or infected fish fillet. That reach the small intestine, the parasite attaches to the wall and in a matter of 20-25 days has progressed up to Mature specimens.

Difilloʙotrioz runs in the background of the anomalies of the functioning of the digestive system, and B12-deficiency anemia.

Cats plaice

The parasite that causes opisthorchiasis and is a flat worm, reaching lengths of 7-20 mm. the Larvae of the parasite began to develop after the shot of the eggs in fresh water (from swallowing them snails). Subsequently, they penetrate into the body of the fish (carp, crucians, bream, roach). Human infection occurs when the consumption of food contaminated with the oil of fish meat, it is not passed enough of the heat treatment. The larva of liver Fluke from the small intestine penetrate into the bile ducts and gall bladder, setting there with two suction cups.

Bovine and pork tapeworm

These virtually identical in their structure parasites reach a length of 5-6 meters. The infection occurs due to the consumption of beef or pork infested Finnish (one of the modules in the intermediate helminthiasis). Possible Finnish, presented in the form of bubbles, whitish, reaching the size of 0.5 cm, attach to the wall of the small intestine of man and for 3 months they turn into adults individual. Tape the parasite, consisting of more than 2000 segments, it is in constant growth. When this end-member, containing the eggs, detach and move only the colon to the anal hole, and then crawl out from the anus, or stand out in the external environment with the feces. The most characteristic symptoms of helminthiasis is the bad functioning of the digestive system.

Echinococcus

For this parasite, man is an intermediate host. Worm parasite in the human body in the form of Finnish. The final master of hooks – wolf, a dog or a cat. The infection occurs in food through the contact with the animals and with objects in the environment, where there are eggs on the hooks. After contact with the intestines of their developing oncospheres. From the intestine penetrate into the bloodstream and spread throughout the body.

Alveolar

This parasite is the cause of one of the most dangerous helminth, that for gravity losses similar with the cirrhosis and liver cancer. The infection occurs the penetration of eggs of worms in the intestine. There is the embryo goes from eggs and infiltrates in the intestinal walls, penetrate the blood stream. Then, with the current of the blood, the parasite spreads in all tissues and organs of the body. It was then that the larvae begins the main phase of the development. Each cell contains the embryonic head, the parasite, which continues to develop gradually. Nearby tissues and to cause a violation of the functioning of the blood vessels are necrotic changes. Spreading in the vicinity of the structure, the alveolar form fibrotic nodes with inclusions multi-sector bubbles. This condition can last for several years, in relation to which it requires surgery.

Diagnosis of helminth

how to diagnose worms

The diagnosis of parasitic infestations include the following activities:

  • a careful anamnesis will help us to understand the possible causes of infection;
  • laboratory tests fecal, blood, content, 12p colon and rectal and perianal mucus, muscle tissue, lung phlegm, bile. During the course of analysis can be identified, the eggs, the members or the steps of the parasites. Together with higher blood levels of eosinophils is also a signal of the presence of helminthiasis.
  • for the diagnosis of diseases caused by phases of development of the larvae or of the fabric of pest control, are carried out serological studies.
  • to identify the parasites that affect the liver tissue, is assigned to ULTRASOUND, CT scans, and endoscopic research.

The worms of a person: the treatment

In the acute phase of an infection, parasitic patient is assigned detoxication and desensitizing therapy. When a serious illness to the medical indications are used glucocorticoids.

As drugs of specific therapy, in view of the nature of the pathogen are assigned special de-worming chemotherapy.

In parallel, the patient is advised to take medication against allergies and enterosorbents. The final stage of the treatment involves using probiotics, which normalize the intestinal flora.

Also assigned a special bland diet (the food must be easily digestible and contain few fats).

During the treatment against the worms from a patient requires strict adherence to personal hygiene. At the same time, in many helminthoses treatment must pass all of the family members, and persons with infection are in constant contact.

08.04.2019