
Worms is a name for a vast group of low worms that infest the human body. They cause the disease under the name of helminthiasis. We distinguish three classes of worms: tapeworms, nematodes and flukes. Science knows of more than 300 species of helminths, that are able to exist in a human body, however, on the territory of the Russian Federation, not more than 70 helminths. Latitude of distribution, parasitic infestations depends on the climatic conditions in a given country, its level of economic development. Then helminthiasis is more common in tropical and subtropical countries, but also in developing countries.
The modern scientists have a meaning parasitic infestations for the human health greatly underestimated, even though many of the best doctors and staff research throughout the world by the time raised the alarm for this reason. Only in Russia every year there are about 500 000 new cases of infection. The majority of these patients – children. They represent up to 80% of all the helminths. And 500 000 – this is an average figure, as well as available data from the annual infestations of 15 million people. Established that often infect people who live outside the city, as well as bacterial detected in the soil and the possibility of contact with the eggs of the worms there is a lot of the above.
The worms can be transmitted to humans in three ways:
The symptoms of worms depends on how massive the infestation, like a worm that has penetrated into the body, how well it is adapted in the body of a man, etc.
Of particular danger to human health are the larvae of the worms, and the forms of the worms that are in the process of growth and development. If an adult worm occupies a particular place in the body of the patient, the larvae are most often found in the migration phase. They can damage various organs, it will settle in them, injure their shell, to violate their operation. Most of the worms are intestinal worms. Depending on their species, varies the position specifies the position of a worm. For example, ossiuri prefer the lower section of the small intestine and the upper departments of the large intestine, tapeworm in the upper part of the small intestine, trichuris trichuris stops at the beginning of the large intestine.
Depending on where exactly the parasite worm, the experts are fabric and translucent helminthiasis. In the first case, the worms stop in the thickness of the tissues, and in the second case, that dwell in the lumen of the organ. And this does not necessarily have to be the intestine.
Different types of worms cause different signs and symptoms, however, they will always be present to a different extent, gravity. In the first place, all the worms of the toxins which are reflected negatively on the functioning of the body. In the second place, the infected always you experience an allergic reaction to the invasion. In the third place, it worsens the functioning of that organ, which has suffered an attack of worms.
The first time the people do not feel the presence of worms in the body. But with the passage of time, the signs and symptoms of worms humans grow and begin to disturb her more and more strong. In addition, the clinical signs of infestation by helminths in continuous progression. Often the symptoms of a particular type of helminthiasis does not directly indicate the presence of worms in the body. However, the doctor may also indirectly present to suspect that the person in invasion of the infestation.
The first signs of worms can be considered:
The symptoms that are prolonged pest infestations of man (chronic helminthiasis):
The complications and consequences of the presence of worms in the human body can be very serious. Worms can cause a breach on the part of all the human organ systems. And this can and a sick adult, and the child.
As the worms effect on the human body:
So you should always be aware of the risks that they carry the worms and when the direct and indirect symptoms installed infestations, consult a physician.
The diagnosis of worms is focused on the detection of the parasite or its eggs and larvae in stool, antibodies to him in the blood or other biological substances.
The worms is mainly intestinal parasites. And ' through the gut are the their eggs. Therefore, for the diagnosis, take the stool analysis. To the pharmacy to collect the stool, you can buy a special container, although you can also use a match box or a jar.
Therefore, for the analysis of the need of a container for the collection of the material and the spatula. If a man sees the steps of a worm, or a whole helminths, also need to send in the laboratory.
Not necessarily carry the faeces in the laboratory immediately after collection. His need to deliver in the studio in the course of the day. Up to that time collected biomaterial must be kept in the refrigerator. The exception is the collection of feces for analysis on the giardiasis. His need to take warm, as well as in cooling the cysts the parasites are destroyed. The delivery time drops in the laboratory, the container should wrap a warm cloth.
For the diagnosis of enterobiasis take scraping with peri-anal folds, as well as the females lay the eggs ossiuri in this field. Before performing the analysis must not be such as to wash about 12 hours or go to the toilet. Therefore, the optimal time for the execution of the analysis – the early hours of the morning.
Scrape running with a wad of cotton, which is placed in a clean container and delivered to the laboratory. You can also use tape, sticky adhesive, which detach from the glass, when fixed to the anal region, and then tear off and re evaluate the adhesive side on the glass.
They arrive in the laboratory the biological material they are studying with the help of a microscope. If a person is infected, the technician will see the eggs of the worms, the larvae or members. Each parasite lays its eggs medium only for its appearance. Therefore, after having studied the structure of eggs, it is possible to determine exactly which type of worm parasite in the body of a man.
If in the feces of a worm, most often presents as a white stripe of varying length. The worms can maintain mobility. Determine the type of worm can in the laboratory.
However, through the analysis of feces is not always able to detect the worms. For example, the analysis will be uninformative, if in the body of a man parassitano only the male ascaris, which can't produce eggs.
To identify the blood worms apply the immunological research, identifying in it the antibodies for the major species of helminths. The accuracy and precision of ELISA is equivalent to the 95%. With its help, you can detect extraintestinal form helminths.
For the definition of the worms in the body is necessary to answer the following questions and count the number of positive responses:
If the positive responses of seven, is the likely presence of worms in the body. If the positive responses more than 15, then the probability of invasion of a high level. This is a clear excuse to refer you to a specialist and the carrying out of diagnostic quality.
The treatment of worms is based on the assumption of anthelmintic drugs. They must choose the physician, as many drugs act only against some types of worms. Even the doctor can not prescribe one or another medication, until we receive the laboratory tests, confirming the invasion.
From only appoint a medicines from the worms should not, as they have toxicity and are capable of causing side effects.
During the treatment you should adhere to some rules. In the first place, the need for personal hygiene and wash your hands before each meal. Also, some medications can kill the worms, but do not act on their eggs, then after 2-3 weeks it may be necessary to repeat the course of taking drugs.